New breakthrough in lithium battery: the amount of carbon nanotube film coated anode power increased by 3 to 5 times

The technological development of lithium batteries has not made breakthrough progress for many years. The reason is that it is difficult to increase the capacity density while ensuring the material is safe, stable, and repetitively charge and discharge quickly. The culprit causing the attenuation is the lithium crystal branches on the microstructure. These sharp needle-like structures may puncture the cell membrane, causing a short circuit or even fire. One way to limit its growth is to control the charging rate of the battery. But at a time when the pace of life is accelerating, such a compromise is unacceptable.

This breakthrough in battery technology is focused on a new anode material with carbon nanofilm.

The good news is that scientists at Rice University have found a good way to double the capacity of currently widely used lithium-ion batteries.

Previously, some laboratories have used Kevlar fibers to limit the growth of crystal dendrites, or use entirely new types of electrolytes (charged chemical solutions).

As early as last year, the same research team at Rice University had developed a lithium metal battery made of asphalt. Its charging speed is faster, and it has stronger resistance to the formation of crystal branches.

Now, the research team has gone a step further and introduced carbon nanofilms into it. It is used to coat the lithium metal anode of the battery, which is used to more effectively submerge the crystal branches, similar to pressing the lawn with a heavy object to suppress weeds.

Contrast diagram: On the right is a metal anode without carbon nanotube film to limit lithium crystal branches.

This thin film absorbs lithium ions from the anode and distributes them during charging. But all of these will not affect the charging rate of the battery. Research co-author Rodrigo Salvatierra stated:

The role of the carbon nanotube film is to spread the deposited metal lithium to form a smooth layer without crystal branches.

Such improvements will not limit the charging rate of such batteries, or even use high rate charge and discharge with confidence.

After deploying the new component to last year's asphalt-lithium battery, the researchers found that after more than 580 cycles, it still prevented the growth of crystal branches. In addition, the battery's Coulomb efficiency is maintained at 99.8%, and the finished product is also easier to build.

Together on the left are James Tour, Rice University chemist, graduate student Gladys López-Silva, and post-doctoral researcher Rodrigo Salvatierra.

However, Salvatierra explained: Compared with the previous asphalt battery, it has some differences.

First, we used a carbon nanotube film to modify the solid lithium metal foil. These two materials have already been prepared for use in batteries.

Second, in pitch-derived electrodes, lithium metal must be electrochemically deposited before it can be used in a complete battery device.

In the end, the battery using this new anode can store 3 to 5 times more electricity than commercially available products. Even if it is left for a month after being fully charged, its charge loss is negligible. In other words, it will be a reliable long-term energy storage solution.

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